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1791

? 1791

An émigré army begins to form at Coblenz.

1791

Napoleon rejoins his regiment at Auxonne

Feb 1791

Kellermann appointed commander on the Upper Rhine, later on Lower Rhine

9 Feb 1791

Election of first bishops of the French constitutional church.

10 Mar 1791

Pope condemns the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.

1 Apr 1791

Napoleon promoted to 1st Lt in Artillery Regt of Grenoble, garrisoned at Valence. He is active in a Revolutionary club there

2 Apr 1791

H. G. R. de Mirabeau dies in Paris

10 Jun 1791

Prussian envoy Bischoffwerder arrives in Milan to seek Austrian aid against France.

20 Jun 1791

Flight to Varennes

25 Jun 1791

King suspended from functions on being brought back to Paris

6 Jul 1791

Padua Circular issued by Leopold, appealing for the mnrchs of Europe to restore the liberty of the French royal family.

6 Jul 1791

Napoleon swears oath required of all officers, 'to die rather than allow a foreign power to invade French soil'.

14 Jul 1791

Napoleon swears oath of loyalty to the new Constitution.

17 Jul 1791

Massacre of the Champ de Mars

25 Jul 1791

Preliminary convention between Austria and Prussia signed in Vienna.

4 Aug 1791

Peace of Galatz between Russia and the Turks.

5 Aug 1791

Treaty of Sistova between Austria and the Turks. No significant gains for Austria despite victories

17 Aug 1791

Frenchmen abroad summoned to return within one month.

27 Aug 1791

Declaration of Pillnitz

5 Sep 1791

Sardinian ambassador to Vienna reports that Kaunitz is against military intervention in France.

13 Sep 1791

Louis XVI accepts new constitution and is restored to functions.

Oct 1791

Napoleon returns to Corsica on leave. His uncle dies soon after.

1 Oct 1791

Legislative Assembly meets.

20 Oct 1791

Brissot makes first great speech on foreign affairs, launching campaign for war.

9 Nov 1791

Decree ordering return to France of émigrés suspected of conspiracy against the nation.

12 Nov 1791

King vetos decree against émigrés.

29 Nov 1791

National Assembly votes to require Louis XVI to take steps to disperse émigrés.

5 Dec 1791

W. A. Mozart dies in Vienna

14 Dec 1791

Formation of the French armies of the North, the Centre, and the Rhine

14 Dec 1791

King Louis appeared before the National Assembly to announce that the Elector of Trier had been informed that he would be treated as an enemy of France if he did not disperse the émigrés in his territories.

21 Dec 1791

Kaunitz informs French ambassador in Vienna that the Austrian commander in Belgium, Gen Bender, had been ordered to provide assistance to the Elector of Trier if French troops should cross the frontier.

Note: These chronologies were prepared while the author was researching Napoleon's 1796-7 campaign in Italy, and they naturally refer largely to people who were involved in that campaign, or had a hand in shaping the military history of the period leading up to it. They were never intended to be complete or exhaustive, and they have been posted here merely in case the information contained in them should be of interest to others. However, when time permits, the author hopes to add further material.

The chronologies were compiled from standard reference works, but while the usual efforts were made to ensure accuracy, there may be errors. As always, it is advisable to cross-check. The major source works were:

Balteau, J., and others, eds. Dictionnaire de biographie française. Paris, 1933-
Berthelot, P.-E.-M., and others, eds. La grande encyclopédie. Paris, 1887-1902
Biographie nationale de Belgique. Brussels, 1866-1986
Der Grosse Brockhaus. Leipzig, 1928
Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford (various editions)
Ferrabino, A., and others, eds. Dizionario biografico degli Italiani. Rome, 1960-
Hassall, A., European History, Chronologically Arranged (476-1920). London, 1920
Hoefer, D., ed. Nouvelle biographie universelle/générale. Paris, 1852-66
Liliencron, R., von, and Wegele, F. X., eds. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Leipzig, 1875-1912
Michaud, ed. Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne. Paris, 1843-?
The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago, c1997
The Pengiun Atlas of World History. London, 1794
Treccani, G., ed. Enciclopedia italiana. Milan, 1929-37
Wurzbach, C., von. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. Vienna, 1856-91